『壹』 了解英国足球文化对我们了解英国文化有何帮助

······英国足球文化是英国文化的一部分，如果单单从英国足球文化来理解英国文化的话容易看不全面······只能说是一个入门吧？可能可以激起对英国文化的兴趣

『贰』 关于英国足球球迷文化的英文原著

一个人在身为球迷的时刻最没文化。球队不争气最容易引发球迷的恶念

有一篇说,一名英国中年男子为了迷球,离过很多次婚,一次比一次离得快。目前他是单身,对婚姻已不抱希望

『叁』 急求关于英国足球与英国文化的文献

有关英国文化

The culture of the United Kingdom is rich and varied, and has been influential on culture on a worldwide scale.

It is a European state, and has many cultural links with its former colonies, particularly those that use the English language (the Anglosphere). Considerable contributions to British culture have been made over the last half-century by immigrants from the Indian Subcontinent and the West Indies. The origins of the UK as a political union of formerly independent states has resulted in the preservation of distinctive cultures in each of the home nations.

Language
Main article: Languages in the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has no official language. English is the main language and the de facto official language, spoken monolingually by an estimated 95% of the UK population.

However, some nations and regions of the UK have frameworks for the promotion of their autochthonous languages. In Wales, English and Welsh are both widely used by officialdom, and Irish and Ulster Scots enjoy limited use alongside English in Northern Ireland, mainly in publicly commissioned translations. Additionally, the Western Isles council area of Scotland has a policy to promote Scottish Gaelic.

Under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, which is not legally enforceable, the UK Government has committed itself to the promotion of certain linguistic traditions. Welsh, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish are to be developed in Wales, Scotland and Cornwall respectively. Other native languages afforded such protection include Irish in Northern Ireland, Scots in Scotland and Northern Ireland, where it is known in official parlance as "Ulster Scots" or "Ullans" but in the speech of users simply as "Scotch", and British Sign Language.

The Arts

Literature

Sherlock Holmes, played here by Jeremy Brett, was created by British author Arthur Conan Doyle.Main article: British literature
The earliest native literature of the territory of the modern United Kingdom was written in the Celtic languages of the isles. The Welsh literary tradition stretches from the 6th century. Irish poetry also represents a more or less unbroken tradition from the 6th century to the present day, with the Ulster Cycle being of particular relevance to Northern Ireland.

Anglo-Saxon literature includes Beowulf, a national epic, but literature in Latin predominated among ecated elites. After the Norman Conquest Anglo-Norman literature brought continental influences to the isles.

English literature emerged as a recognisable entity in the late 14th century, with the rise and spread of the London dialect of Middle English. Geoffrey Chaucer is the first great identifiable indivial in English literature: his Canterbury Tales remains a popular 14th-century work which readers still enjoy today.

Following the introction of the printing press into England by William Caxton in 1476, the Elizabethan era saw a great flourishing of literature, especially in the fields of poetry and drama. From this period, poet and playwright William Shakespeare stands out as arguably the most famous writer in the world.

The English novel became a popular form in the 18th century, with Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), Samuel Richardson's Pamela (1740) and Henry Fielding's Tom Jones (1745).

After a period of decline, the poetry of Robert Burns revived interest in vernacular literature, the rhyming weavers of Ulster being especially influenced by literature in Scots from Scotland.

The following two centuries continued a huge outpouring of literary proction. In the early 19th century, the Romantic period showed a flowering of poetry comparable with the Renaissance two hundred years earlier, with such poets as William Blake, William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Lord Byron. The Victorian period was the golden age of the realistic English novel, represented by Jane Austen, the Brontë sisters (Charlotte, Emily and Anne), Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, George Eliot, and Thomas Hardy.

World War One gave rise to British war poets and writers such as Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, Robert Graves and Rupert Brooke who wrote (often paradoxically), of their expectations of war, and/or their experiences in the trench.

The Celtic Revival stimulated new appreciation of traditional Irish literature, however, with the independence of the Irish Free State, Irish literature came to be seen as more clearly separate from the strains of British literature. The Scottish Renaissance of the early 20th century brought modernism to Scottish literature as well as an interest in new forms in the literatures of Scottish Gaelic and Scots.

The English novel developed in the 20th century into much greater variety and was greatly enriched by immigrant writers. It remains today the dominant English literary form.

Other well-known novelists include Arthur Conan Doyle, D. H. Lawrence, George Orwell, Salman Rushdie, Mary Shelley, Zadie Smith, J. R. R. Tolkien, Virginia Woolf and J.K. Rowling.

Important poets include Elizabeth Barrett Browning, T. S. Eliot, Ted Hughes, John Milton, Alfred Tennyson, Rudyard Kipling, Alexander Pope, and Dylan Thomas.

Religion
Main article: Religion in the United Kingdom

Although today one of the most 'secularised' states in the world, the United Kingdom is traditionally a Christian country, with two of the Home nations having official faiths:

Anglicanism, in the form of the Church of England, is the Established Church in England. The Queen is Supreme Governor of the Church of England.
Presbyterianism (Church of Scotland) is the official faith in Scotland.
The Anglican Church in Wales was disestablished in 1920.
The Anglican Church of Ireland was disestablished in 1871.
Other religions followed in the UK include Islam, Hinism, Sikhism, Judaism, and Buddhism. While 2001 census information [2] suggests that over 75 percent of UK citizens consider themselves to belong to a religion, Gallup International reports that only 10 percent of UK citizens regularly attend religious services, compared to 15 percent of French citizens and 57 percent of American citizens. A 2004 YouGov poll found that 44 percent of UK citizens believe in God, while 35 percent do not [3]. The disparity between the census data and the YouGov data has been put down to a phenomenon described as "cultural Christianity", whereby many who do not believe in God still identify with the religion they were bought up as, or the religion of their parents.

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Food
Main article: British cuisine

Although there is ample evidence of a rich and varied approach to cuisine ring earlier historical periods (particularly so amongst wealthy citizens), ring much of the 19th and 20th century Britain had a reputation for somewhat conservative cuisine. The stereotype of the native cuisine was of a diet progressing little beyond stodgy meals consisting of "meat and two veg". Even today, in more conservative areas of the country, "meat and two veg" cuisine is still the favoured choice at the dinner table.

Traditional British fare usually includes dishes such as fish and chips, roast dishes of beef, lamb, chicken and pork, as well as regional dishes such as the Cornish pasty and Lancashire Hotpot.

On 8 January 1940, four months after the outbreak of World War II, a system of food Rationing was introced to conserve stocks and feed the nation ring the critical war years. Rationing persisted until July 4, 1954 [4] when a fourteen year period of relative privation (which profoundly affected a generation of people attitude to 'a culture of food') finally came to an end. With the end of rationing, Britain's diet began to change, slowly at first ring the 1950s and 1960s, but immeasurably by the closing decades of the 20th century.

During the transitional period of the 1970s, a number of influential figures such as Delia Smith (perhaps Britain's most famous homegrown exponent of good food), began the drive to encourage greater experimentation with the new ingredients (e.g. pasta) increasingly being offered by the supermarkets. The evolution of the British diet was further accelerated with the increasing tendency of the British to travel to continental Europe (and sometimes beyond) for their annual holidays, experiencing new and unfamiliar dishes as they travelled to countries such as France, Italy, and Spain.

Towards the mid to late 1990s and onwards an explosion of talented new 'TV chefs' began to come to prominence, (with figures as diverse as Jamie Oliver, Ainsley Harriott, Ken Hom, Nigella Lawson, Madhur Jaffrey, Nigel Slater, and Keith Floyd) this brought about a noticeable acceleration in the diversity of cuisine the general public were prepared to try and their general confidence in preparing food that had would once have been considered pure staples of foreign cultures, particularly the Mediterranean European, South and East Asian diets. As a result, a new style of cooking called Modern British emerged.

This process of increased variety and experimentation in food inevitably dovetailed with the very profound impact that the post-war influx of immigrants to the UK (many from Britain's former colonies in the Caribbean and Indian sub-continent) had on the national cuisine. The new communities propelled new and exciting dishes and ingredients onto restaurant tables and into the national consciousness. In many instances, British tastes fused with the new dishes to proce entirely new dishes such as the Balti, an English invention based on Indian cuisine that has since gained popularity across the world. Many of these new dishes have since become deeply embedded in the native culture, culminating in a speech in 2001 by Foreign Secretary, Robin Cook, in which he described Chicken Tikka Masala as 'a true British national dish' [5].

With the rich diversity of its peoples and its (arguably) relatively successful attempts at creating a true multicultural society, married to a reputation as an experimental and forward thinking nation, the future of British cuisine looks positive.

[edit]
Ecation

University College, Oxford was founded in the 13th centuryMain article: Ecation in the United Kingdom

The ecation system in the United Kingdom varies in important respects between England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Ecation is devolved to the Scottish Parliament and the assemblies in Wales and Northern Ireland.

Ecation is compulsory for all children between the ages of five and sixteen. Most children in the UK are ecated in state funded schools financed through the tax system and so parents do not pay directly for the cost of ecation.

Less than ten percent of the UK school age population attend independent fee-paying schools. Many prominent independent schools, often founded hundreds of years ago, are known as public schools of which Eton, Harrow and Rugby are three of the better known.

Most primary and secondary schools in both the private and state sectors have compulsory school uniforms. This is a contentious point with generations of school children who would like to see them abolished, only to support their retention once they become parents, this is e to people wanting to have a 'uniform' appearance in schools and it reces the brand logo culture from coming out in ecational establishments. Due to the multicultural nature of England, some allowances have had to be made in the uniform regulations to accommodate the needs of some children's religious beliefs.

[edit]
England
Main article Ecation in England
Most schools came under state control in the Victorian era, a formal state school system was instituted after the Second World War. Initially schools were separated into infant schools (normally up to age 4 or 5), primary schools and secondary schools (split into more academic grammar schools and more vocational secondary modern schools). Under the Labour governments of the 1960s and 1970s most secondary modern and grammar schools were combined to become comprehensive schools.

Although the Minister of Ecation is responsible to Parliament for ecation, the day to day administration and funding of state schools is the responsibility of Local Ecation Authorities.

Northern Ireland
Main article Ecation in Northern Ireland

Scotland
Main article Ecation in Scotland

Wales
Main article Ecation in Wales

Higher ecation
The United Kingdom includes many historic universities. These include the so-called Oxbridge universities (Oxford University and Cambridge University) which are amongst the world's oldest universities and are generally ranked at or near the top of all British universities. Other universities include the University of St Andrews, the oldest university in Scotland. Academic degrees are usually split into classes: first class (I), upper second class (II:1), lower second class (II:2) and third (III), and unclassified (below third class).

[Sport
Main article: Sport in the United Kingdom
The national sport of the UK is football, and the UK has the oldest football clubs in the world. The home nations all have separate national teams and domestic competitions, most notably the Scottish Premier League, the FA Cup and the FA Premier League. The first ever international football match was between Scotland and England in 1872. The match ended goalless.

Other famous British sporting events include the Wimbledon tennis championships, the Grand National, the London Marathon, the ashes series of cricket matches and the boat race between Oxford and Cambridge universities.

A great number of major sports originated in the United Kingdom, including: Football (soccer), squash, golf, boxing, rugby (rugby union and rugby league), cricket, snooker, billiards, badminton and curling.

National costume

The kilt is a traditional Scottish garmentThere is no specifically British national costume. Even indivially, England, Wales and Northern Ireland have only vestiges of a national costume; Scotland has the kilt and Tam o'shanter. In England certain military uniforms such as the Beefeater or the Queen's Guard are considered by tourists to be symbolic of Englishness, however they are not official national costumes. Morris dancers or the costumes for the traditional English may dance are cited by some as examples of traditional English costume.

Naming convention
The naming convention in most of the United Kingdom is for everyone to have a given name, usually (but not always) indicating the child's sex, followed by a parent's family name. This naming convention has remained much the same since the 15th century in England although patronymic naming remained in some of the further reaches of the other home nations until much later. Since the 19th century middle names have become very common and are often taken from the family name of an ancestor.

Traditionally given names were largely taken from the Bible however in the Gothic Revival of the Victorian era Anglo Saxon and mythical names became commonplace. Since the middle of the 20th century however given names have been influenced by a much wider cultural base.

英国式足球（Wall game）的英文介绍

Wall game

Wally (pronounced Wall - ey ) is a groupe of games played predominantly in secondary schools in England. The games are generally played ring breaks and require a wall and tennis ball or football. Numbers involved in games range from four to 30-ish; however, numbers become unmanageable beyond 15.

How to play
Using a tennis ball The game is played against a stretch of wall with a smooth flat surface underneath. The wall should preferably be above two meters (although skilled players never use more than meter). The ball is 'served' by throwing the ball hard at the ground and making it bounce on to the wall; this is normally done from two to three meters away from the wall. Players then have to hit the ball in the cupped palm of their hand towards the wall ensuring that it bounces on the ground before it hits the wall. A player is out if they fail to hit the ball, fail to make the ball bounce before hitting the wall, or miss the wall. The winner is the last person left in.

A tennis raquet can be used instead of hands

Using a football The rules are the same although the ball is kicked rather than hit with the hand

Detailed Rules
The length of wall is changeable depending on the number of players but generally stays under eight meters.
Players can call for a re-serve if they feel there was a bad serve; this can only be done before the ball is hit.
The person who is nearest to the ball is the one that has to hit it. Failure to do so results in them being out. Players can step out of the way of the ball if there is someone behind them, thus making the person behind them responsible for hitting the ball. If two players begin to claim the other person was nearer to the ball then both players are out.
The ball is sometimes aimed at other players because they are out if the ball hits them.
If the ball hits the joining of the wall and floor (a '50/50') players can call for the round to start again.

Playing Style
The game is played differently to the way the rules would suggest. The playing style is fast and furious and when well-played the ball is hit very hard and low to the ground three or four meters away from the wall. Playing occasionally changes to the ball being hit very softy close to the wall requiring players to be very close to the wall; this is generally used tactically as players can then hit the ball hard so that it shoots off almost parallel to the wall catching out people who had not been playing close to the wall. This tactic generally only last a round or part of one as it is considered unsporting.

Variations
There are a few variations of the game although they are played with less frequency than the main game. 'Stings' is played exactly the same as the normal game except at the end of a game the first person has to stand against the wall while the winner gets one shoot against them with the ball. '3D' wally is generally played in corridors or classrooms, in this variant of the game 2 or 3 walls are used as well as the roof.

『肆』 伦敦足球文化

伦敦中部：切尔西（斯坦福桥球场）
伦敦中北部：托特纳姆（白鹿巷球场）、阿森纳（酋长球场）
伦敦西北部：沃特福德
伦敦北部：查尔顿（山谷球场）
伦敦东北部：布伦德福德[英乙]
伦敦东部：女皇公园巡游者、富勒姆
伦敦东南部：米尔沃尔
伦敦南部：水晶宫（塞尔霍特公园球场）温布尔登[英甲]
伦敦西部：西汉姆联（厄普顿公园球场）、莱顿[英丙]
英国是现代足球的发源地，经过100多年的发展，足球已经浸透到英国社会的各个角落，足球在英国与其说是体育运动，不如说是一种体育文化。

球场

英国足球俱乐部大都有100多年的历史，因此很多球场在经历了岁月的剥蚀之后，一副沧桑的模样，但现在的很多体育场要说出准确的年龄还真的不太容易，在我到过的体育场中，西汉姆联队的体育场是比较古老的，它的根基建于本世纪初，当初因为观众比较少，只建有一面看台，后来随着发展，不断在扩建，最后位于东面的世纪看台到1994年才完工。

这些体育场尽管比较古老，但设施都比较完善，四周的看台都有顶棚，对观众来说看球风雨无阻。这些体育场是专门的足球场，球场四周没有田径跑道。

不过随着英格兰超级联赛这几年很红火，国内观众人数猛增，而英国的体育场平均座位只有3万多个，因此包括阿森纳在内的很多俱乐部都在筹划修建新的体育场，但这也要冒很大的风险，因为如果搬到新址可能会失去已经百年的俱乐部周围的球迷和氛围。

当然也有些俱乐部已经搬入新居，托特纳姆热刺队的新体育场建得特别豪华，左右看台顶段各有一个非常大的屏幕，随时播放比赛精彩镜头，座位也都是软椅。伦敦西郊乙级俱乐部威科姆队的新体育场更是别致，该体育场建在山坳里，四周的山坡上是碧绿的草地，山上是密密的树林，站在山坡上也能看到比赛。

球迷

每逢周末，伦敦各线地铁里都挤满了去看球的球迷，仅仅伦敦一个城市就有5支英超球队，甲级队也有四五支，其他级别的球队更多。球迷往往是相对固定的，尽管英超联赛的水平高，但有的球迷可能就喜欢某个乙级队，因此永远跟定自己喜欢的球队。造成这种现象的原因很多，其中之一就是英国俱乐部历史悠久，别看有的俱乐部现在较为落魄，但想当年可能是联赛冠军。很多球迷都是“世袭”的，一个球迷之所以喜欢现在的一个俱乐部队，可能是因为他的爷爷或是太爷当时就比较喜欢这个俱乐部，他只不过是继承了“家传”而已。

最近阿森纳俱乐部在筹措建设新场馆时，就遇到了一个问题，因为很多老球迷死后都埋葬在俱乐部周围，誓与俱乐部生死相依，阿森纳俱乐部也想把这些球迷的骨灰一同迁移到新的体育场，但由于人数太多可能比较麻烦，于是俱乐部出了一个告示，希望在新的场馆建一座纪念碑，把那些不能把骨灰迁到新址的球迷的名字刻在碑上。

球市

英超联赛每场比赛基本都能坐满观众，大部分比赛的门票提前一个月就卖光了。甲级联赛比赛观众略少，但除了像张恩华效力的格里姆斯比城队每场比赛会出现只有3000名观众的俱乐部队外，大部分比赛每场都能有80％的上座率。英国球市比较稳定主要原因是球迷比较固定，很多人都是俱乐部的会员，门票都是赛季票，一张票可以看整个赛季俱乐部主客场的所有比赛，方便又便宜。俱乐部也为吸引观众开出了很多优惠条件，如一家3口票、情侣票等等。

所有俱乐部都设有专门商品店，摆满了五花八门的商品。主要的是印有俱乐部标志的围巾、帽子、衣服、纪念章等等，也有印有所有运动员名字的帽子、运动衫出售。每逢大赛，俱乐部也突击生产一些纪念商品，例如阿森纳队本赛季在欧洲冠军杯赛中主场迎战德国拜仁慕尼黑队时，就临时生产了印有这两个队名字的围巾，卖得非常火。

『伍』 英超足球的特点及其与英格兰文化的内在关联

如果要专门论述这个问题的话，可以写一篇几万字的论文。当年上大学的时候，写过几篇探讨西欧各国足球风格与文化之间关系的文章，几年过去了，文章业已佚失，况且在这里发表几万字的宏篇大论也不现实，所以就简单谈谈我的看法吧，互相交流。
坦率地说，论技术上的赏心悦目，英超比不上西甲；论战术上的丰富多彩，英超则比不上意甲，那为何如今的英超会成为全球最吸引人的足球联赛呢？我觉得主要有以下两个方面：
第一，忠实拥趸。
众所周知，英国是现代足球的发源地，许多英国球队都具有百多年的历史，在俱乐部漫长而艰辛的发展过程中，随着球队的起落沉浮、升级降级、兴衰荣辱，造就了一大批忠实坚定的球迷。而且，这些球迷大多是世代相传的，祖辈带着父辈看球，父辈又带着子辈看球，一代又一代地把对自己球队的热爱传递下去。很多球队都有铁杆球迷的专属看台，甚至这些看台的某些座位都是代代传承下来的。球迷们对自己球队的爱是至死不渝的，不论球队踢得好坏，即使是降级了，也会始终如一地给予支持，购买价格不菲的门票到现场为球队加油。当年几支老牌球队（如诺丁汉森林、利兹联、考文垂等）降级时，球迷含泪为球员鼓掌、球员含泪对球迷致谢的场面是多么得感人至深！
同时，与此相对应的则是英国球队间的“世仇”现象。德比大战在世界其他的联赛中也屡见不鲜，著名的有AC米兰与国际米兰、罗马与拉齐奥、河床与博卡等等，但是这些球队间的嫌隙与英国球队间的仇恨是不可同日而语的。诸如阿森纳同热刺、利物浦同埃弗顿、格拉斯哥同凯尔特人，百多年以来的积怨简直是罄竹难书。每每两队比赛之时，城市万人空巷、酒吧人声鼎沸、球场座无虚席、球迷面红耳赤、球员目龇欲裂，好似都要把对方生吞活剥了相仿。就算在电视机前的我们也能够身临其境地感受到现场肃杀的气氛。
对自己球队的爱和对仇敌球队的恨之所以有如此天渊之别，我认为与英国历史有很大的关系。从大的方面来说，英国分为英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士与北爱尔兰四个行政地区，四个地区间的恩怨甚深、难以化解，尤其是英格兰与苏格兰之间，稍具历史知识的人都知道双方的矛盾有多深；从小的方面来说，不列颠自有国家建立以来长期处于分裂状态，即使统一之后也由于其分封制度，造成了各地领主各自为政、互相攻伐的局面。久而久之，形成了人们领土意识、地域意识、敌对意识较重的思维特征。故此，延伸到足球领域，便自然而然地演
化出以上英国足球所特有的爱恨极端化的情结。
第二，疯狗精神。
看英超球赛，你可能看不到眼花缭乱的传切配合，也不用琢磨是否有高深莫测的战术变化，但是却可以看得很过瘾，那就是因为英国球队所推崇的“疯狗精神”在起作用。几乎每支英超球队都有一批在场上干脏活累活的人，不惜体力地奔跑、拼抢、阻截、铲断，从头至尾，只要裁判的哨声未响就不会停歇。甚至许多外籍球员都会受此感染，无论是来自西班牙也好，葡萄牙也罢，再会玩花活也不能没有这种一往无前的拼搏精神。因为这是立足英超的前提，是英国人评判球员的标杆。看看如今的克里斯蒂亚诺·罗纳尔多就能明白，一个只会
花拳绣腿的少年是怎样蜕变成一位九十分钟自始至终奋力拚杀、肩挑大梁的战士的。
与此同时，疯狗精神也使比赛更富悬念，不到最后一分钟、一秒钟，观众都无法确定比分的结果，最后十分钟里风云突变的例子太多了，看看切尔西、曼联、甚至博尔顿。事实上，每场英超赛事都是扣人心弦的，套用句俗话，“玩的就是心跳”。大概这也是为什么英超球队许多教练心脏不好的原因吧。
这与英国文化也有必然的关系，“疯狗精神”，说白了就是“蓝领精神”，就是不怕苦不怕累的工人精神。英国是工业革命的前驱，世界产业工人的发祥地，工人们遭资本家压迫，工作环境恶劣，身心备受煎熬，自从足球比赛出现后，足球就成了他们心灵的绿洲和发泄地，球场上球员的拼搏很容易同工人们产生心理的呼应，工人们也对场上拼抢积极的球员生出认同感。时间长了，就成了一种心理定势以及英国足球风格的组成要素之一。
以上是英国足球文化最基本的两个特征，篇幅所限，难以尽言，希望能够抛砖引玉。

『陆』 求关于英国足球文化的英语资料！！！急！！

http://www.thefa.com/TheFACup.aspx
英足总网站，里面内容涵盖了联赛、足总杯、青少年培养、球内迷俱容乐部等。

『柒』 求一篇有关欧洲足球的英文短文！

Soccer is a ball and goal game usually played outdoors, also called football. Played in more than 140 countries, it is by far the most popular international sport. Two opposing team of 11 players each compete on a field preferably measuring 120 yard by 75 yard. A goal 8 yard wide and 8feet high, backed with netting, is centered on each end line. The object of the game is to advance an inflated leather ball into the opponent's goal (worth one point). The ball is kicked (often dribbled with short kicks) or advanced by the head or other parts of the body, but only the goalkeeper may use the hands. Rules infractions result in free kicks for the opposing team. The first recorded soccer game took place in England in 217 A.D. and by the 12th century the annual shrove Tuesday contest was a regular event. In the 19th century, the game was refined to emphasize only the kicking aspects. It gained tremendous popularity after spreading from Britain to the continent. The highlight of international play is the quadrennial world cup competition.
足球是一项在室外举行的球类运动。它是当今世界上最流行的一种运动，风靡多个国家。两支各由11人组成的队伍在一块长120码宽8码的场地上比赛。球门宽8码，高两米左右，后面架有球网，位于底线当中。比赛的基本目标就是将球踢进对方大门（一分）。通常球是通过脚，头及身体其他部位来传递（尤其是短传）。只有守门员才可以用手接球。犯规时由对方罚任意球。世界上第一场有纪录的比赛适于公元217年的英国。到了11世纪，每年一届的"忏悔星期二"杯足球赛已经成为一项传统赛事。在案18世纪，比赛因更加注重"踢"而变得魅力十足，从英国风靡整个欧洲，乃至世界。其中，每四年一届的世界杯是最重要的赛事

『捌』 我们要做一个关于英国文化的ppt，我想介绍英国足球，请哪位大侠讲讲我该从那方面谈起啊

从它的起来源-------发展源----------。。。。。（按时间顺序）中间穿插一些背景，像当时的政治对英国足球的影响，广大人民群众对足球的态度。整个世界足球的发展，对比英国。

当然，你要的是“关于英国文化的ppt”，所以应该把重点放在整个英国的文化。足球之时一方面。

『玖』 急需有关英国体育文化的资料！

英国球迷信奉这样的一句话：“星期六是上帝给足球准备的。”自19世纪后期以来，
所有足球比赛都是在星期六下午3时举行的，后来为了电视转播，才分散到周日。英国
人认为，足球是他们心目中的上帝，而上帝也是球迷。在英超的赛场上，随便问一个
老球迷，他可能会告诉你，他已经在同一个座位上看了40年的球，他甚至会告诉你，
他5岁的时候就跟着爷爷到现场观看比赛，他的爷爷的爷爷就是曼联或者是一支丙级队
的球迷，他现在依然为该队加油，这就是英国体育文化最为精髓的部分。足球对于英
国人来说，是他们生命的一部分，你可以对一名英国人说，他的老婆长得丑陋，但绝
对不能说他支持的球队踢得太臭，他会跟你拼命。足球一直是支撑英国人自尊最重要
的东西之一。甚至也可以看成生活在英伦三岛上这个民族的精神归宿。
英国的体育文化像是一条大河，溯流而上，你能看到200年间绚丽的风景。这里面当然
充斥着激情和仇恨，光荣和梦想，当然也有垃圾和糟粕———足球流氓就是最大的毒
瘤。然而从足球流氓的侧面也可以看出英国人内心的足球崇拜。一名球星不仅是名成
功人士，更是整个民族的英雄。成功的教练或者是球员会得到女王授予的爵位。足球
在他们心目中，不是比赛，而是战斗，因此他们有理由向所有的对手表示最大的仇恨
和敌视———当然包括对方的球迷，对方的场地，甚至对方所在的城市。在这种根深
蒂固的文化圈里，任何的变化都是困难的。即使一个俱乐部修建新的赛场都会遭到球
迷的反对。在他们看来，旧的赛场在100多年的时间里沉淀了他们太多的感情。于是就
会出现这样的现象，纽卡斯尔队主场3面都是现代化的新赛场，而有一面看台低矮陈
旧，依然是过去的。即使曼联高大巍峨的老特拉福德赛场，也保存着旧赛场的一部
分。英国人生活在传统里，他们为之自豪。其实不仅是足球，在英国呆久了你会听到
这样的话：我们拥有世界上最棒的赛场温布利赛场(尽管已在拆除中)，我们拥有最美
丽的网球场温布尔登，我们还发明了乒乓球和羽毛球，诸如此类。